迪米特里·迪米特里耶·肖斯塔科维奇（俄语：Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович，1906年9月25日－1975年8月9日），前苏联时期俄国作曲家。他一生大部份时间都留在苏联，但同时也是当年少数名气能传至西方世界的作曲家，被誉为是二十世纪其中一位最重要的作曲家。

肖斯塔科维奇在苏共政权中曾得过不少荣誉。例如他曾获得当年苏联红军总参谋长、苏联元帅米哈伊尔·尼古拉耶维奇·图哈切夫斯基的资助，可是，亦因为他曾试过与斯大林主义及官僚作风有所冲突而两度遭苏共谴责两次（在1936年和1948年）他的作品亦一度被禁止演出。斯大林死后，他多次获颁发多项国家的奖项和荣誉，也曾当过最高苏维埃代表。

肖斯塔科维奇的音乐作品既融合了后浪漫主义（如马勒）和新古典主义风格（如普罗科菲耶夫和斯特拉文斯基），但亦不乏二十世纪的不协调音色和创作手法，因此他的音乐作品间中受到了官方的争议，然而他的作品，普遍仍受到欢迎和好评。

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Russian: Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович, tr. Dmitrij Dmitrievi? ?ostakovi?; 25 September 1906 – 9 August 1975) was a Soviet Russian composer and pianist and a prominent figure of 20th-century music.

Shostakovich achieved fame in the Soviet Union under the patronage of Soviet chief of staff Mikhail Tukhachevsky, but later had a complex and difficult relationship with the government. Nevertheless, he received accolades and state awards and served in the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1947–1962) and the USSR (from 1962 until death).

After a period influenced by Sergei Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky, Shostakovich developed a hybrid style, as exemplified by Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (1934). This single work juxtaposed a wide variety of trends, including the neo-classical style (showing the influence of Stravinsky) and post-Romanticism (after Gustav Mahler). Sharp contrasts and elements of the grotesque characterize much of his music.

Shostakovich's orchestral works include 15 symphonies and six concerti. His chamber output includes 15 string quartets, a piano quintet, two piano trios, and two pieces for string octet. His piano works include two solo sonatas, an early set of preludes, and a later set of 24 preludes and fugues. Other works include three operas, several song cycles, ballets, and a substantial quantity of film music, especially well known The Second Waltz, Op. 99: Music to the film The First Echelon (1955–1956).